404 Media

404 Media is an independent media company founded by technology journalists Jason Koebler, Emanuel Maiberg, Samantha Cole, and Joseph Cox.

How the World Became a Casino

How the World Became a Casino

How did we get to a point where it’s legal for anyone to bet on anything? Be it the results of a baseball game or a land war in Europe, if you have access to a credit card and a computer you can try to predict the outcome of anything that’s happening in the world and win a little bit of money if you’re right. If we know that gambling can lead to high rates gambling addiction and financial ruin, why does it seem like our culture has suddenly embraced it?

For years, anyone who has reported on our increasing addiction to technology has found their way to Natasha Natasha Dow Schüll’s book Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas. The book is an ethnography of slot machines. It is based on many interviews with the people who make them and play them, a deep investigation of how they work, and how they fit into the larger context of casinos, Las Vegas, and gambling more broadly. 

Since it was published more than a decade ago, the logic of slot machines has extended far beyond Las Vegas. Every notification on our phone, trading platforms like Robinhood, the crypto craze, and now prediction markets, can be understood through the lens of slot machine design and Schüll work. That’s why I was incredibly happy she agreed to come on the podcast this week to discuss our current gambling-obsessed culture. 

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Generatie Alpha: De kinderen die nooit offline zijn

Ze swipen voordat ze kunnen schrijven en kennen de weg op een tablet beter dan in hun eigen buurt: de kinderen van generatie Alpha, grofweg geboren vanaf 2010. Terwijl hun ouders nog een jeugd zonder smartphone kenden, zijn zij de eerste lichting die volledig in een digitale omgeving opgroeit. Streaming, social media en permanente bereikbaarheid zijn geen toevoeging, maar de basis van hun wereld.

Van een afstand lijken ze vaak verwend en snel gefrustreerd. Ouders, leerkrachten en grootouders klagen dat ze niet tegen hun verlies kunnen, zich slecht kunnen concentreren en meteen afhaken als iets “saai” is. Maar achter dat gedrag schuilt een generatie die opgroeit met een overdaad aan prikkels én met ouders die veel willen oplossen nog vóór er problemen zijn.

“Wat snel gaat, is goed – dat is de onzichtbare norm in hun jeugd.”

Overbeschermd en onder druk

De ouders van generatie Alpha zijn vooral millennials: hoogopgeleide, betrokken opvoeders die hun kinderen veel aandacht en veiligheid bieden. Ze halen hindernissen weg, regelen huiswerk, onderhandelen met school en grijpen in bij het minste teken van ongemak. Dat is vaak goed bedoeld, maar het remt de ontwikkeling van frustratietolerantie en zelfstandigheid.

Tegelijkertijd leven deze kinderen in een tijd van klimaatcrisis, pandemie-ervaringen en geopolitieke onzekerheid, onderwerpen die via nieuwsfeeds en sociale media vroeg hun wereld binnenkomen. Onderzoekers signaleren een toename van angstklachten, concentratieproblemen en sociale onzekerheid bij kinderen en jongeren, vergeleken met eerdere generaties. Schijnbaar onbezorgde schermkinderen dragen zo een onzichtbare mentale rugzak mee.

Digitaal sterk, analoog zwakker

Niemand twijfelt aan hun digitale vaardigheden: chatten, swipen, content maken en delen is tweede natuur. Wat sterker onder druk staat, zijn klassieke vaardigheden als langdurig focussen, handschrift, geduld en face-to-face communiceren zonder scherm ertussen. Studies wijzen erop dat kinderen minder buitenspelen, minder vrij experimenteren en minder ongemerkte leertijd hebben dan generaties ervoor.

Deskundigen pleiten daarom niet voor een digitale terugkeer naar vroeger, maar voor bewuste tegenwicht: ruimte voor verveling, offline ervaringen, leren falen en zelf problemen oplossen. Niet minder betrokken ouders, maar ouders die hun kinderen stap voor stap leren omgaan met een wereld die nooit uitstaat.

5 feiten over generatie Alpha

  1. Wie horen erbij? Generatie Alpha is de groep kinderen die grofweg is geboren tussen 2010 en 2025 en daarmee de eerste generatie die volledig in de 21e eeuw opgroeit.
  2. Kinderen van millennials De meeste leden van generatie Alpha zijn kinderen van millennials, die doorgaans hoogopgeleid, digitaal vaardig en sterk betrokken zijn bij de opvoeding.
  3. Echt digitale natives Gen Alpha kent geen wereld zonder smartphone, social media en streaming: veel kinderen gebruiken al vóór hun zesde een tablet of smartphone en zien digitale technologie als vanzelfsprekend onderdeel van het dagelijks leven.
  4. Grootste generatie ooit: rond 2025 zal generatie Alpha naar verwachting zo’n twee miljard mensen tellen en daarmee uitgroeien tot de grootste generatie ooit, met een aanzienlijke toekomstige economische impact.
  5. Opgegroeid met crises. Deze kinderen maken al vroeg ingrijpende gebeurtenissen mee, zoals de coronapandemie, klimaatcrisis en geopolitieke spanningen, wat hun gevoel van zekerheid en hun kijk op de toekomst mede kleurt.

Planten overleefden de meteorietinslag door hun genoom te dupliceren

Uitstervingsgolven in het leven op aarde blijken vaak gepaard te gaan met een verveelvoudiging van het aantal chromosomen in de celkern van planten. Waarschijnlijk is het een beschermingsmechanisme.


Na desastreuze lokale verkiezingen blijft Starmer aan, met de belofte van verandering

Zonder jasje en met opgestroopte mouwen verklaarde de Britse premier Keir Starmer dat hij niet opgeeft, maar wil aanblijven na voor Labour rampzalige verkiezingen. Maar het gemor in de partij blijft aanhouden.

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Football Daily | Arsenal emerge after being fed feet-first through the emotional wood-chipper

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Well, that escalated slowly. While Arsenal left it late to score their winner against West Ham on Sunday, they got the job done and now find themselves a couple of straightforward wins against the second worst team in the league and Crystal Palace Under-9s from the Premier League title that has eluded them for 22 years. Except this Arsenal team doesn’t really do “straightforward”, as they showed when letting West Ham nab an added-time equaliser, only for it to be snatched away following an intervention from the curtain-twitching buzzkills in their Stockley Park joy-vacuum. If Football Daily was an Arsenal fan, our soul would almost certainly have left our body as we watched Chris Kavanagh repeatedly rock-and-roll the footage on his touchline monitor, trying to pick through the weeds of the 1,057 different fouls being committed simultaneously by players from both teams. Eventually, he arrived at what (everyone except Peter Schmeichel and a few Pearly Kings agreed) was probably the correct decision.

I write with admiration of Stockport’s Dave Challinor for one or indeed two hidden skills (Friday’s Still Want More, full email edition). May I explain: he either has great willpower for not eating the Smarties on his tactics board and/or he knows how long he can keep his finger on the confectionery before it melts while the picture is taken” – Shaun Clark.

I really enjoyed the photo of Dave Challinor. My question: does he prefer using Skittles, M&Ms or Reese’s Pieces on his whiteboard? I’ve experimented with all three candies in my coaching sessions with U8 and U10 teams over the years. I’d appreciate his expert insight about which is most effective. Or tastes best” – Mike Wilner.

This is an extract from our daily football email … Football Daily. To get the full version, just visit this page and follow the instructions.

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West Ham’s goal against Arsenal was correctly disallowed. The rest is just noise | Jonathan Wilson

The Gunners’ title charge was strengthened by a goal called back, in a perfect encapsulation of what modern soccer has become

A corner. A melee. Bodies everywhere. Blocks and tugs, pulls and shoves. A VAR decision. Fury. Empty noise. A title perhaps decided; a significant impact on the relegation battle. Shouting. Confused pundits ranting. Social media figures rallying to the side they were always going to take. Welcome to modern soccer.

After what looked like an injury-time equaliser for West Ham was ruled out on Sunday, Arsenal now need only to beat Burnley and Crystal Palace to be sure of their first Premier League title in 21 years. In the relegation scrap, West Ham are a point behind Tottenham, who play at home to Leeds, now safe, on Monday evening. But the big issue is a VAR decision. Of course it is: this is 2025-26.

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A job that changed me: At 14 I was a basketball musician. If someone missed a shot, I’d drop in a ‘du-ba-dum’

A big shot earned a triumphant snare drum roll with a resolving crash. My timing was often slightly late, occasionally wildly inappropriate

Music came to me very early on. I’m told that as a baby I would fall asleep to opera – arias would stop me crying. By age six I was enrolled at the local conservatory of music in Athens, learning classical guitar and moving, quite seriously, through music theory and the fundamentals. By my teens, I was in a band with friends, covering everything from Avril Lavigne to Muse, aiming for precision over hours of rehearsal. My music practice was very disciplined and far removed from anything resembling “entertainment”.

Sport, on the other hand, barely registered for me.

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Royal Opera House calls for release of Georgian bass singer jailed over democracy protests

Casting director urges Keir Starmer to intervene in case of Paata Burchuladze, 71, jailed for seven years after singing at anti-regime demonstrations

The Royal Opera House in London has urged Keir Starmer to intervene in the case of Paata Burchuladze, a world-renowned bass singer who has been imprisoned in Georgia since October on a charge of leading a coup against the country’s authoritarian leader.

The 71-year-old has performed at the Royal Opera House and the Metropolitan Opera House in New York and collaborated with the likes of Luciano Pavarotti, Plácido Domingo and José Carreras. He was arrested after joining a protest outside the presidential palace in the Georgian capital, Tbilisi. Last week he was given a seven-year jail sentence which Burchuladze suggested to the court was equivalent to a life sentence given his age.

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