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Als het water zakt bij Groenland, stijgt het gevaar elders

Bijna overal ter wereld stijgt de zeespiegel, maar langs de kusten van Groenland zal het water deze eeuw juist dalen – en dat is allerminst goed nieuws.​ ​

Feiten en achtergrond

Nieuwe berekeningen van geofysici laten zien dat de relative zeespiegel langs de Groenlandse kust deze eeuw tot zo’n 0,9 meter kan dalen bij lage uitstootscenario’s en zelfs tot circa 2,5 meter als de uitstoot onverminderd doorgaat. ​​Dat klinkt geruststellend, maar die daling is een lokaal effect in een wereld waarin de gemiddelde zeespiegel blijft stijgen door het opwarmende klimaat.​

De verklaring zit in het ijs zelf.De Groenlandse ijskap verliest jaarlijks grofweg 200 miljard ton ijs; het land veert daardoor langzaam omhoog en de zwaartekracht van de enorme ijsmassa op het omliggende zeewater neemt af.​Alsof een zware bowlingbal van een matras wordt getild: het oppervlak veert omhoog en het water ‘rolt’ gedeeltelijk weg.

Waarom?

Voor Groenland is een dalende zeespiegel een praktisch en economisch probleem.Bijna alle dorpen en steden liggen aan de kust; havens worden ondieper, kades komen hoger boven het water te liggen en vergen dure aanpassingen in een ruig en afgelegen gebied. ​​Ook de visserij – de economische ruggengraat – voelt de gevolgen als kustlijn, stromingen en watertemperaturen veranderen en vissoorten andere paaigebieden opzoeken.​ ​

Voor de rest van de wereld is het vooral een dreigend signaal.Het ‘voordeel’ van dalend water rond Groenland betekent dat er juist méér water elders in de oceanen terechtkomt, waar miljoenen mensen in laaggelegen delta’s en kuststeden wonen.​Door zwaartekrachtseffecten is de directe bijdrage van Groenlands smeltende ijskap aan de zeespiegel bij Nederland nu nog relatief klein, maar globaal telt elk millimeterverlies aan ijs schaamteloos op.


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