The Rise of Unitree. DJI in drones and BYD in electric cars...now
Unitree in robotics? The robotics frontier in
levels of autonomy. But what the hey, let's see some
dancing. (Spoiler: the human is a lot better than the robots).
"Right now, the vast majority of robots in China are still hand-assembled. They're not at scale; this is still very high-mix manufacturing. One reason Unitree benefits so much from in-housing actuator production is that the designs aren't set. That early decision — not to go to contract manufacturers until you have a high-volume, settled design — matters. They have used CMs before; I believe the G1 now uses one for specific parts."
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"The actuator generates motion, but it's also the largest part of the robot's bill of materials. We've done internal BOM costing for a number of humanoids — the G1 is the one we published — and the actuators run around 50 to 70% of the BOM. Without them, your robot doesn't generate motion and doesn't function.
If you source them externally, you pay all the extra costs on top: shipping, other people's margins, some value-based pricing. So a robot built in the US — where manufacturing actuators is challenging — ends up structurally more expensive than one built on the same supply chain a Unitree or many Chinese robots use. You're stuck. To compete on cost, you have to compete on the same actuator supply chain, which is extremely difficult. "
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"On overheating: look at the original G1s from a year or two ago, used in research tasks where they could carry a box of a couple kilograms for maybe five minutes at most.
Then it would overheat, and you'd have to let it sit in the corner for 30 minutes — sometimes a full hour — before doing another five minutes. They've clearly iterated on this. As we showed in our paper and heard from people, you can now get around five minutes of work with ten minutes of rest, even up to ten minutes of work with ten to fifteen minutes of rest. It varies by task, but it's a vector they've clearly improved"